Types of Approvals & Permits

There are many types of permits and approvals that are required, even within a singular project. All planning-related approvals fall into three decision-making categories: Administrative, Legislative, and Quasi-judicial.

In Wake Forest, we have Planning and Engineering permits as well as Inspections permits. Planning and Engineering permits include any permits that require compliance with the Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) and occasionally the Municipal Code of Ordinances. Planning and Engineering permits and approvals include, but are not limited to: Residential development permits (fences, sheds, driveways, etc.), commercial development permits (signs, temporary use), master plans, construction plans, plats, subdivisions, and environmental compliance permits.

Any permits that require compliance with the state building code as well as the installation of electrical, plumbing and mechanical systems are administered by the Inspections Department.

Approvals & Permits

Who makes the decision: Staff Administrator or Technical Review Committee (TRC)*, which is a group of staff contacts from various departments and relevant agencies.

What criteria are used: Objective standards of the UDO and statutory requirements.

Approval Types: 

  • Development Permits
  • Architectural Design Review
  • Certificate of Appropriateness (minor)
  • Subdivision/Site Master Plan
  • Construction Plans
  • Plat Review

*see Subdivision & Site Plan page for more info on TRC.

Who makes the decision: Board of Commissioners.

What criteria are used:

  • Legislative discretion
  • Broad input of information allowed (including public hearing)
  • Is it reasonable and within the public interest?
  • Is it consistent with adopted plans?

Approval Types: 

  • UDO Text Amendment
  • Zoning Map Amendment (Conventional Districts, Conditional Zoning, Planned Unit Development)
  • Designation of Historic Landmarks
  • Comprehensive Plan Amendment
  • Annexation

Who makes the decision: Board of Adjustment, Board of Commissioners, Historic Preservation Commission.

What criteria are used:

  • Substantial evidence (findings of fact)
  • Sworn expert testimony

Approval Types:

  • Special Use Permits (SUPs) 
  • Variances
  • Certificate of Appropriateness (major work & demolition of historic structures) 
  • Administrative Appeals